Nancy Fraser

Social Justice in Globalization: Redistribution, Recognition, and Participation
Focusing on the widespread politicization of culture, especially on struggles for recognition, the author identifies three problems that pose a threat to social justice in globalization: the reification of collective identities, the displacement of redistribution by recognition, and the fact that different kinds of struggles are misframing transnational processes. The text discusses three conceptual strategies for defusing the risks derived from these problems, all three rooted in emerging features of globalization. To counter the threat of reification, the author proposes a "status" conception of recognition that does not lead to identity politics. To counter the threat of displacement, she proposes a two-dimensional conception of justice, which encompasses not only recognition but also distribution. To counter the threat of misframing, she proposes a multi-tiered conception of sovereignty that decenters the national frame.

Pedro Hespanha

Individualization, Fragmentation, and Social Risk in Globalized Societies
The author reflects on the processes through which globalization is causing the corrosion of the structures of internal cohesion in contemporary societies and at the same time leading to an increasing risk of marginalization and exclusion for growing sectors of the population. As one of these processes, social differentiation is related to phenomena that are quite visible in contemporary societies, such as the increase of inequality, the growing marginalization of certain groups, and the gradual destruction of social solidarities. The text begins by analyzing two of the most obvious effects of the process of social differentiation (social segmentation and individualization in social life) and then focuses on the exacerbation of social risk and its relative invisibility. Portuguese society is taken as a reference point for this discussion, and evidence is provided by the results of the studies made in the context of the project Portuguese Society vis-à-vis the Challenges Globalization.

Stephen R. Stoer

Education and Globalization: Between Regulation and Emancipation
This paper readdresses the work published in the book Transnacionalização da educação: da crise da educação à "educação" da crise, with the objective of interrogating three of the issues it raises: 1) the use of the concept of transnationalization in the title (rather than globalization, for instance); 2) the conception of social change that underlies the "crisis in education"; and 3) the relationship between regulation and emancipation.

Isabel Guerra

Citizenship, Exclusion, and Solidarity. Paradoxes and Meanings of the "New Social Policies"
The author discusses some of the results of the research published in the collection "Portuguese Society vis-à-vis the Challenges of Globalization" in the light of the concepts of citizenship, exclusion, and solidarity, focusing particularly on the problematic of the "new social policies". The commentary, mainly of a heuristic and epistemological nature, allows us to readdress the question of the contrast between a systemic analysis of globalization and a strategic analysis of excluded actors.

Teresa Cruz e Silva

Global and Local Determinants in the Emergence of Social Solidarities: The Case of the Informal Sector in the Peri-urban Areas of the City of Maputo
This paper is based on the analysis of the results of a research project about social solidarities carried out in the peri-urban areas of the city of Maputo. Starting from a case study on informal markets in the context of a society where the State is eroded/weak and unable to offset the consequences of neoliberal policies and to shape
the social policy models imposed by multilateral institutions such as the World Bank and the IMF, the text analyzes the global and local determinants that lead to the emergence and/or development of social solidarities. At the same time, it evaluates the constraints on their capacity to respond to the production of well-being, as a possible alternative to the State's incapacity to provide basic social services to citizens.

José Reis

Mobilities and Territorializations, the State and the Market: The Portuguese Economy and the "Newest" Dynamics
This text, which refers to the research that gave rise to the book A economia em curso, voices two concerns. The first is about the debate about globalization itself: the author shows scepticism and proposes a non-globalist and non-functionalist vision. The second is about the Portuguese economy: on the one hand, the author insists on the importance of relations of proximity with Spain, and on the other pays attention to the increasing importance of transnational financial relations. The "newest" dynamics in our economy are predicated on this dual dimension (Iberian proximity and financial aterritoriality).

José Manuel Pureza

Who Governs? Portugal and the New Webs of Global Governance
The post-Westphalian map of governance is being turbulently elaborated. The modern institutional and regulatory culture persists, but now in combination with processes of internationalization of political authority which deprive the State of its monopoly in this matter. The "global web" is the metaphor for this multiplicity of levels of global governance. The insertion of Portugal into this process of transformation is ambivalent. On the one hand, it continues to occupy a subaltern position in the world stage, something which is especially evident in the direction taken by most of the recent institutional reforms in what concerns the denationalization of the State. However, on the other hand, Portugal is also associated with signs of new formulas for international governance, characterized by a militant articulation between the State and the non-State for the defense of an agenda that will change international relations.

Leonardo Avritzer

Globalization and Public Spaces: Non-regulation as a Strategy of Global Hegemony
The aim of this paper is to address the recent process of globalization from the point of view of the relation between regulation and emancipation. The main thesis is that the process of globalization changes the relation between these two categories and requires the introduction of a third element which the author calls non-regulation. The argument is not that non-regulation constitutes a completely new feature of modernity,
but rather that the way in which hegemony occurs in the globalized public space of the early 21st century consists in a combination of super-regulation and non-regulation which gives it completely new characteristics. The second issue addressed in this paper concerns the extent to which the new global public spaces that are emerging in late modernity can confront those unregulated global spaces.

Carlos Fortuna

Urban Cultures and Public Spaces: On Cities and the Emergence of a New Sociological Paradigm
This paper begins by asking whether we will be able to build more and better cities in the near future. The implicit premise is that urban sociology, in its most classic version, is not in a position to offer indications on how to do this. In order to do it, we have to re-think and reform the theoretical frameworks and analytical procedures of urban sociology. To illustrate this necessity, the text explores areas (intermediation zones) where one can usually only see signs of the contraction of public spaces, and seeks to find in them emerging political virtues.

José Machado Pais

Questioning Cultures and Identities, Utopias and Fatalities: Reflections of a Sociologist in the Solitude of Room 514 at a Meliá Confort Hotel
In the solitude of a room at a Meliá Confort Hotel, a frustrated sociologist struggles with an anxiety attack provoked by the responsibility of having to comment on two volumes of a voluminous work. Disappointed with the notes he has scribbled, he decides to redo the paper seeking inspiration in the hic et nunc of his discontent. Carried by a spontaneous curiosity, our sociologist starts from the contingencies and banalities of our quotidian in order to arrive at a world of meanings through mediations between the particular and the global, the individual and the collective, the subjective and the objective. The (lived) world that surrounds him seems to unveil itself in a specter of cultures and identities from the moment when it is sociologically problematized (conceived). Is it possible to unveil the social through the immediacies of the quotidian? Maybe it is, maybe it isn't. All depends on whether the sociological questionings are capable or not of recapturing the world in its apparent facticity, which is given by the epidermal features of the quotidian.

George Yudice

The Place of Culture After September 11, 2001
This essay examines the effects on culture of the new systems of security and surveillance put in place after the September 11 attacks. Already transformed by processes of globalization, and indeed, contributing to these processes, culture is a major site of conflict and control in the wake of the attacks: contestatory movements, many of which are constituted culturally, are identified with terrorism; Hollywood films, the electronic and the printed press are recruited in behalf of security; new cultural forms of control are devised. Ultimately, the war on terrorism also manages to protect the regime of accumulation put in place by the Washington Consensus. Can the antiglobalization movement take on the new security regime?

João Arriscado Nunes

The Dynamics of Science in the Perimeter of the Center: A Scientific Boundary Culture?
This paper discusses the conditions of the translocalization and globalization of modern
science, as well as the specific conditions of scientific institutionalization and activity in semiperipheral societies, such as Portugal. As a semiperipheral society which is part of a core region of the world system - the European Union -, Portugal displays a number of specificities which are examined in relation to the recent process of creating and institutionalizing a national system of research and development, associated with a scientific boundary culture.

António Sousa Ribeiro

The Humanities as Utopia
This text discusses some aspects of the (self)definition of the Humanities in times of reconstruction, and defends the utopian potential of the perspective that they represent in a context of global redefinition of knowledges.

João Caraça

The Markets, Their Knowledges, and Their Uncertainties
Such as we know it, globalization does not solve the problems or address the questions
of living together on the Earth. Thus, in the current context, the struggle for democracy involves three essential aspects: the reinvention of the emancipatory power of knowledge, with more and better sciences, social sciences, and other argumentative
knowledges; the reintroduction of the school as the privileged site for the learning of a full citizenship; and the establishment and defense of a society of recognition, in which the valorization of the other as interlocutor corresponds to the planetary throbbing of our species.

José Arthur Giannotti

Capitalism and Knowledge Monopoly
The contemporary capitalist market is based on three strategies of knowledge and power that set it greatly apart from the old competitive market, which tended to be self-regulated, as well as from imperialism, in which hegemony was constructed on the
basis of power positions that were supported by the policies of the national State. If today the source of power lies in the monopoly of scientific and technological invention, then it is necessary to go beyond the phenomenology of levels of globalization and take into account the determining role of the new capital in its specific difference. A power imbued with knowledge should be combated by other powers capable of distinguishing between what can and what can't be done and known. That is the challenge for a new socialism which abandons the illusion that it can create a whole new society.

Boaventura de Sousa Santos

Towards a Sociology of Absences and a Sociology of Emergence
This paper makes a critique of the model of western rationality - the model of an indolent reason - and proposes the prolegomena of another model, that of cosmopolitan reason. The author seeks to base three sociological procedures on this cosmopolitan reason: the sociology of absences, the sociology of emergence, and the work of translation.